Provides a visual guide to the internal features of natural, synthetic, and treated emeralds.Ĭhart of Commercially Available Gem Treatments Provides a visual guide to the internal features of natural, synthetic, and treated rubies.Ĭhart: Inclusions in Natural, Synthetic, and Treated Emerald ShigleyĬhart: Inclusions in Natural, Synthetic, and Treated Ruby Provides a visual guide to the internal features of natural, synthetic, and treated diamonds. For more information on sapphire and its inclusions, see our suggested reading list.Ĭhart: Inclusions in Natural, Synthetic, and Treated Diamond We hope the reader will enjoy this look into the micro-features of sapphire and find the images useful and interesting. Synthetics are also represented on the chart, with images of sapphires grown by flux, flame fusion, hydrothermal, and other methods. This dissolved titanium pairs with iron to increase the amount of blue color in the stone. A case in point is the “internal diffusion” seen in a heat-treated sapphire, induced as the titanium from rutile silk inclusions was dissolved into the crystal lattice of the host sapphire at high temperatures. Other images highlight features that may be diagnostic for a particular treatment. Examples of inclusions that may be highly indicative of a particular origin are provided, such as a tourmaline crystal in a sapphire from Kashmir, India. The selection of photomicrographs chosen for this chart represents the wide variety of inclusion scenes one might encounter in sapphire. Micro-features seen in sapphires that have been treated by heating, or by filling of open fractures, to improve their color and clarity. Comprehensive CAD/CAM For Jewelry Certificate

Lab created pink sapphire